Proof: By Euclid
(related to Proposition: 3.12: Line Joining Centers of Two Circles Touching Externally)
- For (if) not then, if possible, let it go like $FCDG$ (in the figure), and let $AF$ and $AG$ have been joined.
- Therefore, since point $F$ is the center of circle $ABC$, $FA$ is equal to $FC$.
- Again, since point $G$ is the center of circle $ADE$, $GA$ is equal to $GD$.
- And $FA$ was also shown (to be) equal to $FC$.
- Thus, the (straight lines) $FA$ and $AG$ are equal to the (straight lines) $FC$ and $GD$.
- So the whole of $FG$ is greater than $FA$ and $AG$.
- But, (it is) also less [Prop. 1.20].
- The very thing is impossible.
- Thus, the straight line joining $F$ to $G$ cannot not go through the point of union at $A$.
- Thus, (it will go) through it.
- Thus, if two circles touch one another externally then the [straight line] joining their centers will go through the point of union.
- (Which is) the very thing it was required to show.
∎
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References
Adapted from (subject to copyright, with kind permission)
- Fitzpatrick, Richard: Euclid's "Elements of Geometry"