Proof: By Euclid
(related to Proposition: 8.01: Geometric Progression with Co-prime Extremes is in Lowest Terms)
- Let $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ be any multitude whatsoever of numbers in continued proportion.
- And let the outermost of them, $A$ and $D$, be prime to one another.
- I say that $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ are the least of those (numbers) having the same ratio as them.
- For if not, let $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$ be less than $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ (respectively), being in the same ratio as them.
- And since $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ are in the same ratio as $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$, and the multitude [of $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$] is equal to the multitude [of $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$], thus, via equality, as $A$ is to $D$, (so) $E$ (is) to $H$ [Prop. 7.14].
- And $A$ and $D$ (are) prime (to one another).
- And prime (numbers are) also the least of those (numbers having the same ratio as them) [Prop. 7.21].
- And the least numbers measure those (numbers) having the same ratio (as them) an equal number of times, the greater (measuring) the greater, and the lesser the lesser - that is to say, the leading (measuring) the leading, and the following the following [Prop. 7.20].
- Thus, $A$ measures $E$, the greater (measuring) the lesser.
- The very thing is impossible.
- Thus, $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$, being less than $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, are not in the same ratio as them.
- Thus, $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ are the least of those (numbers) having the same ratio as them.
- (Which is) the very thing it was required to show.
∎
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References
Adapted from (subject to copyright, with kind permission)
- Fitzpatrick, Richard: Euclid's "Elements of Geometry"